① Surface · Build the knowledge

Phase 1 — Build the knowledge

Before students can reason about the regulation problem, they need the raw material: the vocabulary, the facts about what industrialization broke, and the reformers who exposed it. These three activities are fast and front-loaded — the goal is acquisition, not yet analysis.

🎯 By the end of Phase 1 students can use the key vocabulary, explain the problems industrialization created, name the muckrakers and what they exposed, and identify the major Progressive reforms — the 1906 food and drug laws and the 16th–19th Amendments.

🎟️ Entry ticket — 1-minute warm-up

Vocabulary & feedback · d 0.62§113.41(c)(5)(A)

1 · Word bank & vocabulary sort

Introduce and let students sort the unit vocabulary. Sort twice: first by "words about problems" vs. "words about reforms," then by student-invented categories (feedback on their reasoning).

Term	Working definition
Progressivism	an early-1900s reform movement to fix the problems of industrialization through government action and active citizenship
muckraker	a journalist who investigated and exposed corruption, abuse, and unsafe conditions in business and government
monopoly / trust	a company or combination that controls an entire industry, crushing competition and setting prices
trust-busting	using government power (like the Sherman Antitrust Act) to break up or regulate monopolies
regulation	government rules that set limits on how businesses operate — for safety, fairness, or the public good
laissez-faire	the belief that government should leave business alone and let the free market decide
initiative, referendum, recall	direct-democracy reforms letting citizens propose laws, vote on them, and remove officials from office
direct primary	an election in which voters, not party bosses, choose a party's candidates
suffrage	the right to vote — won for women nationwide by the 19th Amendment in 1920
Social Gospel	a religious movement urging Christians to fight poverty, inequality, and injustice through reform
stakeholder	anyone who is affected by a decision or has something at stake in it

📚 Background: Library of Congress · The Progressive Era to the New Era, 1900–1929 ↗ — a sourced overview that puts the vocabulary in context.

Jigsaw method · d 0.92§113.41(c)(5)(A), (c)(28)

2 · Jigsaw reading — What broke, and who exposed it?

Split the class into four expert groups, each studying one topic below, then re-mix into home groups where every topic is represented. Each expert teaches their group. (Jigsaw is one of the highest-leverage surface moves precisely because students must teach.)

🧩 Use the ACE Powered Jigsaw Organizer — experts capture their notes on it before teaching their home group: open the organizer ↗. New to running a jigsaw? See the teacher guides in the facilitator guide.

Sources for each expert group (free, reputable; confirm access through your district — links open in a new tab):

A · The problems of industrialization

Rapid industrial growth brought monopolies that fixed prices, unsafe factories, adulterated food and medicine, widespread child labor, crowded and dangerous tenements, and corrupt urban political machines.

📄 Library of Congress · Progressive Era timeline ↗
📄 Library of Congress · Immigration & industrialization ↗

B · The muckrakers

Ida Tarbell exposed the Standard Oil trust; Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle (1906) revealed filthy meatpacking; Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives photographed tenement poverty. Their reporting drove public outrage into law.

📄 Library of Congress · Immigrants in the Progressive Era ↗
📄 National Park Service · Roosevelt & reform ↗

C · Roosevelt's Square Deal & the 1906 laws

Theodore Roosevelt's "Square Deal" promised fairness to workers, consumers, and business. Public outrage after The Jungle helped pass the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 — landmark federal regulation.

📄 National Park Service · Theodore Roosevelt ↗
📄 National Archives · DocsTeach education ↗

D · Democracy reforms & the amendments

Progressives reshaped democracy: the initiative, referendum, and recall; the direct primary; the 16th (income tax), 17th (direct election of senators), 18th (Prohibition), and 19th (woman suffrage) Amendments.

📄 National Archives · Constitutional Amendments 11–27 ↗
📄 Library of Congress · Progressive Era timeline ↗

Check for understanding: each home group writes two sentences answering "Name one problem industrialization created, and one reform that responded to it."

Direct instruction · d 0.56§113.41(c)(5)(A)

3 · Data & map work — where reform took hold

Using a U.S. map and a simple data set, students plot where Progressive reforms first appeared: the western and midwestern states that adopted the initiative, referendum, and recall; the states that granted woman suffrage before 1920; and the industrial cities where muckrakers documented tenements and factories. Then compare a simple bar of child-labor rates or tenement density before and after key reforms.

Quick write: "Reform ______ spread first in ______, which mattered for ______ because ______."

🗺️ Data & sources: LoC · Progressive Era collection (maps, data & photos) ↗ · National Archives · DocsTeach topics ↗

✅ Surface check before moving on: can every student use the words muckraker, monopoly, regulation, and initiative/referendum/recall correctly, name a problem industrialization created, and point to a reform that answered it? If yes, go deep. If not, reteach — the problem in Phase 3 depends on it.

🎫 Exit ticket — check yourself

Unit home Phase 2 — Deep ›

Aligned to (not reproduced from) 19 TAC Ch.113 §113.41; effect sizes from Visible Learning MetaX.